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Flood fill, also known as seed fill, is a flooding algorithm that determines and alters the realm connected to a given node in a multi-dimensional array with some matching attribute. It's used in the "bucket" fill device of paint applications to fill linked, similarly-coloured areas with a distinct colour, and in games such as Go and Minesweeper for determining which pieces are cleared. A variant referred to as boundary fill makes use of the identical algorithms but is outlined as the realm related to a given node that doesn't have a selected attribute. Note that flood filling shouldn't be suitable for drawing filled polygons, as it'll miss some pixels in more acute corners. Instead, see Even-odd rule and Nonzero-rule. The normal flood-fill algorithm takes three parameters: a start node, a goal shade, and a replacement colour. The algorithm appears for all nodes within the array which might be related to the beginning node by a path of the target shade and changes them to the substitute colour.

For a boundary-fill, in place of the target shade, a border color can be equipped. So as to generalize the algorithm within the widespread way, the following descriptions will instead have two routines obtainable. One known as Inside which returns true for unfilled factors that, by their colour, can be inside the stuffed space, and one known as Set which fills a pixel/node. Any node that has Set referred to as on it must then not be Inside. Depending on whether we consider nodes touching at the corners linked or not, we've got two variations: eight-manner and 4-manner respectively. Though easy to know, the implementation of the algorithm used above is impractical in languages and environments the place stack house is severely constrained (e.g. Microcontrollers). Moving the recursion into a knowledge construction (either a stack or a queue) prevents a stack overflow. Check and set every node's pixel colour earlier than adding it to the stack/queue, decreasing stack/queue measurement.

Use a loop for the east/west instructions, queuing pixels above/beneath as you go (making it similar to the span filling algorithms, below). Interleave two or more copies of the code with additional stacks/queues, to allow out-of-order processors extra opportunity to parallelize. Use a number of threads (ideally with barely completely different visiting orders, so they don't keep in the identical space). Quite simple algorithm - easy to make bug-free. Uses lots of reminiscence, significantly when using a stack. Tests most crammed pixels a complete of 4 occasions. Not appropriate for sample filling, as it requires pixel check outcomes to change. Access sample is not cache-friendly, for the queuing variant. Cannot easily optimize for multi-pixel words or bitplanes. It's doable to optimize things further by working primarily with spans, a row with fixed y. The primary revealed complete example works on the next fundamental principle. 1. Starting with a seed point, fill left and proper.

Keep track of the leftmost crammed point lx and rightmost filled point rx. This defines the span. 2. Scan from lx to rx above and under the seed level, looking for new seed factors to continue with. As an optimisation, the scan algorithm does not want restart from each seed point, but solely those firstly of the following span. Using a stack explores spans depth first, while a queue explores spans breadth first. When a brand new scan could be solely within a grandparent span, it might actually only find stuffed pixels, and so would not need queueing. Further, when a new scan overlaps a grandparent span, only the overhangs (U-turns and W-turns) must be scanned. 2-8x faster than the pixel-recursive algorithm. Access sample is cache and bitplane-friendly. Can draw a horizontal line somewhat than setting particular person pixels. Still visits pixels it has already crammed. For the favored algorithm, 3 scans of most pixels. Not suitable for pattern filling, as it requires pixel check results to alter.